\n \n );\n};\n","import \"../core/src/components/affine/onboarding/articles/blocks.css.ts.vanilla.css!=!../../../../../../../../node_modules/@vanilla-extract/webpack-plugin/virtualFileLoader/dist/vanilla-extract-webpack-plugin-virtualFileLoader.cjs.js?{\\\"fileName\\\":\\\"../core/src/components/affine/onboarding/articles/blocks.css.ts.vanilla.css\\\",\\\"source\\\":\\\"#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\\\"}!../../../../../../../../node_modules/@vanilla-extract/webpack-plugin/extracted.js\"\nexport var block = '_63ir4o0';\nexport var hr = '_63ir4o6';\nexport var link = '_63ir4o1';\nexport var pageLink = '_63ir4o2';\nexport var pageLinkIcon = '_63ir4o3';\nexport var pageLinkLabel = '_63ir4o4';\nexport var quote = '_63ir4o5';","import { link } from './blocks.css';\n\nexport const BlogLink = () => {\n return (\n \n Check other articles\n \n );\n};\n","import { CounterNote } from '../switch-widgets/counter-note';\nimport type { OnboardingBlockOption } from '../types';\nimport bookmark1png from './assets/article-0-bookmark-1.png';\nimport bookmark2png from './assets/article-0-bookmark-2.png';\nimport embed1png from './assets/article-0-embed-1.png';\nimport { BlogLink } from './blog-link';\n\nexport const article0: Array = [\n {\n children:
\n “With all the time you spend watching TV,” he tells me, “you could\n have written a novel by now.” It’s hard to disagree with the sentiment\n — writing a novel is undoubtedly a better use of time than watching TV\n — but what about the hidden assumption? Such comments imply that time\n is “fungible” — that time spent watching TV can just as easily be\n spent writing a novel. And sadly, that’s just not the case.\n
\n
\n Time has various levels of quality. If I’m walking to the subway\n station and I’ve forgotten my notebook, then it’s pretty hard for me\n to write more than a couple paragraphs. And it’s tough to focus when\n you keep getting interrupted. There’s also a mental component:\n sometimes I feel happy and motivated and ready to work on something,\n but other times I feel so sad and tired I can only watch TV.\n
\n If you want to be more productive then, you have to recognize this\n fact and deal with it. First, you have to make the best of each kind\n of time. And second, you have to try to make your time higher-quality.\n
\n Life is short (or so I’m told) so why waste it doing something dumb?\n It’s easy to start working on something because it’s convenient, but\n you should always be questioning yourself about it. Is there something\n more important you can work on? Why don’t you do that instead? Such\n questions are hard to face up to (eventually, if you follow this rule,\n you’ll have to ask yourself why you’re not working on the most\n important problem in the world) but each little step makes you more\n productive.\n
\n
\n \n This isn’t to say that all your time should be spent on the most\n important problem in the world. Mine certainly isn’t (after all, I’m\n writing this essay). But it’s definitely the standard against which\n I measure my life.\n \n
\n Another common myth is that you’ll get more done if you pick one\n problem and focus on it exclusively. I find this is hardly ever true.\n Just this moment for example, I’m trying to fix my posture, exercise\n some muscles, drink some fluids, clean off my desk, IM with my\n brother, and write this essay. Over the course the day, I’ve worked on\n this essay, read a book, had some food, answered some email, chatted\n with friends, done some shopping, worked on a couple other essays,\n backed up my hard drive, and organized my book list. In the past week\n I’ve worked on several different software projects, read several\n different books, studied a couple different programming languages,\n moved some of my stuff, and so on.\n
\n
\n Having a lot of different projects gives you work for different\n qualities of time. Plus, you’ll have other things to work on if you\n get stuck or bored (and that can give your mind time to unstick\n yourself).\n
\n
\n It also makes you more creative. Creativity comes from applying things\n you learn in other fields to the field you work in. If you have a\n bunch of different projects going in different fields, then you have\n many more ideas you can apply.\n
\n Coming up with a bunch of different things to work on shouldn’t be\n hard — most people have tons of stuff they want to get done. But if\n you try to keep it all in your head it quickly gets overwhelming. The\n psychic pressure of having to remember all of it can make you crazy.\n The solution is again simple: write it down.\n
\n
\n Once you have a list of all the things you want to do, you can\n organize it by kind. For example, my list is programming, writing,\n thinking, errands, reading, listening, and watching (in that order).\n
\n
\n Most major projects involve a bunch of these different tasks. Writing\n this, for example, involves reading about other procrastination\n systems, thinking up new sections of the article, cleaning up\n sentences, emailing people with questions, and so on, all in addition\n to the actual work of writing the text. Each task can go under the\n appropriate section, so that you can do it when you have the right\n kind of time.\n
\n Once you have this list, the problem becomes remembering to look at\n it. And the best way to remember to look at it is to make looking at\n it what you would do anyway. For example, I keep a stack of books on\n my desk, with the ones I’m currently reading on top. When I need a\n book to read, I just grab the top one off the stack.\n
\n
\n I do the same thing with TV/movies. Whenever I hear about a movie I\n should watch, I put it in a special folder on my computer. Now\n whenever I feel like watching TV, I just open up that folder.\n
\n
\n I’ve also thought about some more intrusive ways of doing this. For\n example, a web page that pops up with a list of articles in my “to\n read” folder whenever I try to check some weblogs. Or maybe even a\n window that pops up with work suggestions occasionally for me to see\n when I’m goofing off.\n
\n
\n Making the best use of the time you have can only get you so far. The\n much more important problem is making more higher quality time for\n yourself. Most people’s time is eaten up by things like school and\n work. Obviously if you attend one of these, you should stop. But what\n else can you do?\n
\n Cloud apps like Google Docs and{' '}\n Trello are popular because they enable\n real-time collaboration with colleagues, and they make it easy for us\n to access our work from all of our devices. However, by centralizing\n data storage on servers, cloud apps also take away ownership and\n agency from users.{' '}\n \n If a service shuts down, the software stops functioning, and data\n created with that software is lost.\n \n
\n If you are an entrepreneur interested in building developer\n infrastructure, all of the above suggests an interesting market\n opportunity: “Firebase for CRDTs.”\n
\n
\n In this article we propose local-first software{' '}\n of principles for software that enables both collaboration\n
\n We survey existing approaches to data storage and sharing, ranging\n from email attachments to web apps to Firebase-backed mobile apps, and\n we examine the trade-offs of each. We look at Conflict-free Replicated\n Data Types (CRDTs): data structures that are multi-user from the\n ground up while also being fundamentally local and private. CRDTs have\n the potential to be a foundational technology for realizing\n local-first software.\n
\n \n
\n We share some of our findings from developing local-first software\n prototypes at Ink & Switch over the course of\n several years. These experiments test the viability of CRDTs in\n practice, and explore the user interface challenges for this new data\n model. Lastly, we suggest some next steps for moving towards\n local-first software: for researchers, for app developers, and a\n startup opportunity for entrepreneurs.\n
\n Martin Kleppmann, Adam Wiggins, Peter van Hardenberg, and Mark\n McGranaghan. Local-first software: you own your data, in spite of the\n cloud. 2019 ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on New Ideas, New\n Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software (Onward!),\n October 2019, pages 154–178.{' '}\n doi:10.1145/3359591.3359737\n
\n It’s amazing how easily we can collaborate online nowadays. We use\n Google Docs to collaborate on documents, spreadsheets and\n presentations; in Figma we work together on user interface designs; we\n communicate with colleagues using Slack; we track tasks in Trello; and\n so on. We depend on these and many other online services, e.g. for\n taking notes, planning projects or events, remembering contacts, and a\n whole raft of business uses.\n
\n
\n Today’s cloud apps offer big benefits compared to earlier generations\n of software: seamless collaboration, and being able to access data\n from any device. As we run more and more of our lives and work through\n these cloud apps, they become more and more critical to us. The more\n time we invest in using one of these apps, the more valuable the data\n in it becomes to us.\n
\n
\n However, in our research we have spoken to a lot of creative\n professionals, and in that process we have also learned about the\n downsides of cloud apps.\n
\n
\n When you have put a lot of creative energy and effort into making\n something, you tend to have a deep emotional attachment to it. If you\n do creative work, this probably seems familiar. (When we say “creative\n work,” we mean not just visual art, or music, or poetry — many other\n activities, such as explaining a technical topic, implementing an\n intricate algorithm, designing a user interface, or figuring out how\n to lead a team towards some goal are also creative efforts.)\n
\n Students often re-read, underline, or highlight materials, thinking\n that it will help them learn better. But, the best method for really\n turning information into long-term memory is to use what is called\n ‘retrieval practice’.\n
\n \n
\n It simply means trying to retrieve the information from your own\n brain, instead of looking at a sheet of paper. When you have really\n learnt something, you’ve created sets of links between the neurons in\n long-term memory. Each time you tug on those sets of links and bring\n them back to mind from your memory, you strengthen them. This is why,\n using flashcards, teaching others, or trying to retrieve key ideas\n from your own mind, after having glanced at a page or your notes, can\n be valuable.\n
\n The best method for more efficient learning is to avoid multitasking.\n The Pomodoro Technique helps with this. To do a Pomodoro, just put\n away all distractions (no pop-upson your computer or dings from your\n phone!), set a timer for 25 minutes, and focus as fully as you can for\n those 25 minutes, bringing your thoughts back to the task if you find\n them wandering. At the end of the 25 minutes, give yourself a\n five-minutes break and do not indulge in anything where you have to\n focus on (no checking e-mails, for example – but making a cup of tea\n is just fine). Repeat the Pomodoro/break three or four times, and\n then, take a 30-minutes break – or wrap your studies up for the day!\n
\n We all wish we had much better memories, but, if you remember too\n perfectly, it makes it harder to revisit and update your learning – to\n be more flexible on the face of new information, or to change and\n adapt if you’ve got something wrong. If you want to remember more,\n retrieval practice with spaced repetition, that is, spacing your\n retrieval practice out over a number of days – is your best bet.\n Researchers sug-gest that you should retrieve the information when you\n are about to forget it, which is a tricky bit of timing to figure out.\n
\n
How can we make online learning more effective for students?
\n
\n It can be hard to write a textbook for a class; so, most professors\n use professional textbooks to supplement their teachings. Similarly,\n it can be hard to create high-quality video materials. I believe\n online teaching will continue to become more common post-COVID – the\n genie is out of the bottle as, now, students realise that online\n learning can be more convenient than face-to-face classes. But,\n students still like their teachers – real professors, who they can\n interact with. So, real face-to-face instructors will always have a\n place.\n
\n Do you think students should use social media, like YouTube, for\n learning?\n
\n
\n There are some excellent learning materials available on YouTube, but,\n students may have to spend a lot of time wading through the dreck to\n find what they are looking for. Students – and all of us – need to be\n a little wary of spending too much time on social media. It can be the\n equivalent of parking yourself in front of the television and\n indulging in hours of mindless entertainment – except that social\n media can also be an echo chamber that can push us to unwittingly\n become more extreme in our beliefs.\n
\n At GDC 2017, Hidemaro Fujibayashi, Satoru Takizawa, and Takuhiro Dohta\n from Nintendo shared their insights on The Legend of Zelda: Breath of\n the Wild's groundbreaking game mechanics. One standout feature is\n the "multiplicative gameplay," which empowers players to\n interact with the game world in diverse ways, leading to surprising\n outcomes.\n
\n\n
Mechanics
\n
\n Multiplicative gameplay works like a magical concoction, where\n players' actions, terrain, and items combine to create a range of\n unexpected results. For instance, players can set trees ablaze to\n create a fiery barrier against enemies, detonate bombs to carve new\n paths, or soar through the skies with a glider for a bird's-eye\n view of the world.\n
\n
\n To achieve multiplicative gameplay, the development team made\n significant changes to the game's terrain system, physics system,\n and action system.\n
\n The terrain system enables players to climb any surface, whether\n it's a wall, a tree, or a rock, granting them the freedom to\n explore every nook and cranny of the game world.\n
\n Unlike traditional games, the physics system in Breath of the Wild is\n more open, allowing players to leverage natural phenomena to solve\n puzzles or create new gameplay opportunities. For instance, players\n can ignite trees to create barriers of fire or use bombs to open up\n new pathways.\n
\n The action system offers more flexibility than in traditional games,\n empowering players to choose how they want to interact with the game\n world. Whether it's wielding a sword, a shield, or a bow and\n arrow, players have the freedom to approach challenges in their own\n unique way.\n
\n Takizawa also outlined the process for validating multiplicative\n gameplay. He believes that it can be achieved through the following\n steps:\n
\n \n
\n List all possible behaviors, terrain features, and items. For example,\n in Breath of the Wild, players can engage in activities such as\n climbing, gliding, swimming, and combat; terrain includes mountains,\n forests, plains, and lakes; and items encompass weapons, tools, and\n food.\n
\n
\n Analyze the interactions between these elements. For example, players\n can use fire to ignite trees, creating a barrier of fire to impede\n enemies' progress.\n
\n
\n Test the results of these interactions. For example, the development\n team can assess whether players can safely navigate through a wall of\n fire.\n
\n
\n By following these steps, developers can verify whether multiplicative\n gameplay will yield the desired outcomes.\n
\n Multiplicative gameplay is a potent tool for crafting more captivating\n and immersive gaming experiences. It empowers players to explore the\n game world in creative and flexible ways, leading to fresh and\n unexpected discoveries.\n
\n \n \n ),\n offset: { x: 450, y: -1400 },\n },\n];\n","import 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var onboardingBlock = '_1u7py2k5 _63ir4o0';\nexport var shadowSticker = '_1u7py2k7';\nexport var switchButton = '_1u7py2k1';\nexport var switchButtons = '_1u7py2k0';\nexport var toolbar = '_1u7py2k3';\nexport var toolbarPop = '_1u7py2k4';","import type { PropsWithChildren } from 'react';\n\nimport { shadowSticker } from './style.css';\n\ninterface ShadowStickerProps extends PropsWithChildren {\n color?: string;\n width?: number;\n animate?: boolean;\n}\n\nexport const ShadowSticker = ({\n color = '#F9E8FF',\n width,\n animate = true,\n children,\n}: ShadowStickerProps) => {\n return (\n \n {children}\n \n );\n};\n","import { ShadowSticker } from '../switch-widgets/shadow-sticker';\nimport type { OnboardingBlockOption } from '../types';\nimport bookmark1png from './assets/article-4-bookmark-1.png';\nimport bookmark2png from './assets/article-4-bookmark-2.png';\nimport illustration1jpg from './assets/article-4-illustration-1.jpg';\nimport illustration2jpg from './assets/article-4-illustration-2.jpg';\nimport { BlogLink } from './blog-link';\n\nexport const article4: Array = [\n {\n children:
\n Broken symmetry and the nature of the hierarchical structure of\n science\n
\n \n
\n The reductionist hypothesis may still be a topic for controversy among\n philosophers, but among the great majority of active scientists I\n think it is accepted without questions. The workings of our minds and\n bodies, and of all the animate or inanimate matter of which we have\n any detailed knowledge, are assumed to be controlled by the same set\n of fundamental laws, which except under certain extreme conditions we\n feel we know pretty well.\n
\n
\n It seems inevitable to go on uncritically to what appears at first\n sight to be an obvious corollary of reductionism: that if everything\n obeys the same fundamental laws, then the only scientists who are\n studying anything really fundamental are those who are working on\n those laws. In practice, that amounts to some astrophysicists, some\n elementary particle physicists, some logicians and other\n mathematicians, and few others. This point of view, which it is the\n main purpose of this article to oppose, is expressed in a rather\n well-known passage by Weisskopf (1):\n
\n Looking at the development of science in the Twentieth Century one can\n distinguish two trends, which I will call “intensive” and “extensive”\n research, lacking a better terminology. In short: intensive research\n goes for the fundamental laws, extensive research goes for the\n explanation of phenomena in terms of known fundamental laws, As always,\n distinctions of this kind are not unambiguous, but they are clear in\n most cases. Solid state physics plasma physics, and perhaps also biology\n are extensive. High energy physics and a good part of nuclear physics\n are intensive research going on than extensive. Once new fundamental\n laws are discovered, a large and ever increasing activity begins in\n order to apply the discoveries to hitherto unexplained phenomena. Thus,\n there are two dimensions to basic research. The frontier of science\n extends all along a long line from the newest and most modern intensive\n research, over the extensive research recently spawned by the intensive\n research of yesterday, to the broad and well developed web of extensive\n research activities based on intensive research of past decades\n
\n The effectiveness of this message may be indicated by the face that I\n heard it quoted recently by a leader in the field of materials\n science, who urged the participants at a meeting dedicated to\n “fundamental problems in condensed matter physics” to accept that\n there were few or no such problems and that nothing was left but\n extensive science, which he seemed to equate with device engineering.\n
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\n The main fallacy in this kind of thinking is that the reductionist\n hypothesis does not by any means imply a “constructions” one: The\n ability to reduce everything to simple fundamental laws does not imply\n the ability to start from those laws and reconstruct the universe. In\n fact, the more the elementary particle physicists tell us about the\n nature of the fundamental laws, the less relevance they seem to have\n to the very real problems of the rest of science much less to those of\n society.\n
\n The constructionist hypothesis breaks down when confronted with the\n twin difficulties of scale and complexity. The behavior of large and\n complex aggregates of elementary particles, it turns out, is not to be\n understood in terms of a simple extrapolation entirely new properties\n appear, and the understanding of the new behaviors requires research\n which I think is as fundamental in its nature as any other. That is,\n it seems to me that one may array the sciences roughly linearly in a\n hierarchy, according to the idea: The elementary entities of science X\n obey the laws of science Y.\n
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\n But this hierarchy does not imply that science X is “just applied Y.”\n At each stage entirely new laws, concepts and generalizations are\n necessary, requiring inspiration and creativity to just as great a\n degree as in the previous one. Psychology is not applied biology, nor\n is biology applied chemistry.\n
\n “With all the time you spend watching TV,” he tells me, “you could\n have written a novel by now.” It’s hard to disagree with the sentiment\n — writing a novel is undoubtedly a better use of time than watching TV\n — but what about the hidden ...\n
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Breath of the Wild: Redefining Game Design
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\n At GDC 2017, Hidemaro Fujibayashi, Satoru Takizawa, and Takuhiro Dohta\n from Nintendo shared their insights on The Legend of Zelda: Breath of\n the Wild's groundbreaking game mechanics. One standout ...\n
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Learning with retrieval practice
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\n Are there any specific techniques to make the process of learning more\n effective?\n
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\n Students often re-read, underline, or highlight materials, thinking\n that it will help them learn better. But, the best method for really\n ...\n
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\n Local-first software\n \n You own your data, in spite of the cloud\n
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\n Cloud apps like Google Docs and Trello are popular because they enable\n real-time collaboration with colleagues, and they make it easy for us\n to access our work from all of our devices. However, by centralizing\n ...\n
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More Is Different
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\n Broken symmetry and the nature of the hierarchical structure of\n science\n
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\n The reductionist hypothesis may still be a topic for controversy among\n philosophers, but among the great majority of active scientists I\n think it is accepted without ...\n